β2-Integrin and lipid modifications indicate a non-antioxidant mechanism for the anti-atherogenic effect of dietary coenzyme Q10

Abstract

Dietary supplementation with coenzyme Q (CoQ) has been proposed to have anti-atherogenic effects by virtue of its antioxidant capacity. To investigate this question, the leukocyte status of 5 males and 5 females (52–68 years) was evaluated before and after supplementation with 200 mg CoQ/day for 5 and 10 weeks. CoQ was selectively taken up by mononuclear cells and α-tocopherol increased in polynuclear and mononuclear cells. The expression of β2-integrin CD11b and complement receptor CD35 on the plasma membrane of resting and stimulated monocytes was significantly decreased upon dietary CoQ. Fatty acid and aldehyde analysis revealed that there was a selective increase of arachidonic acid and plasmalogens in only mononuclear cells. These selective lipid changes are not consistent with a general improvement in antioxidant status and indicate that CoQ most likely inhibits a phospholipase A 2. Thus, these results strongly suggest that the anti-atherogenic effects of CoQ be mediated by other mechanisms beside its antioxidant protection.