2D/3D Material for Gas Sensor

Abstract

AbstractSensors are technological device that detects the response of the materials on exposure to sensing gas. These electronic devices are very important for personal and infrastructure safety. Various types of materials are used for the design and fabrication of the sensors. However, selecting a particular material depends upon a few parameters like low detection limit, excellent response and recovery time, high selectivity, cheap, less power consumption, operational at ambient temperature and pressure, stability in harsh environmental conditions, etc. In this chapter, first, the basic attributes of bulk and nanostructured materials and their gas-sensing mechanisms are summarized. It also discusses the latest innovation and advancements in the utilization of a variety of materials for gas sensing. Generally, bulk materials are used in the fabrication of sensors due to their key benefits such as low cost and ease to fabricate, but their response is quite slow. Therefore, nanostructure materials, particularly two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures, are promising candidates for the design and development of highly sensitive gas sensors due to their very high surface-to-volume ratio and good compatibility with most device designs. Lately, nanostructured 2D materials, such as metal oxides, graphene, metal dichalcogenides, phosphorene, BN, and M-xenes, have demonstrated significant potential for gas sensors. In this chapter, various methods for the synthesis of 2D nanostructures are briefly summarized. Emphasis is also laid on the evolution of sensing performances provided by devices that integrate 2D nanostructures and strategies for optimizing the sensing features. The experimental along with the theoretical reports are used for the correlations of the structure–properties relationship. The conclusion outlines the open challenges and future prospects for the scientific and technological advancement on 2D nanostructures for high-performance gas-sensing devices.KeywordsGas sensor2d/3d material Response timeSelectivityLow detection limit