Abstract
Two dimensional (2D)SnO2 nanosheets were synthesized by a substrate-free hydrothermal route using sodium stannate and sodium hydroxide in a mixed solvent of absolute ethanol and deionized water at a lower temperature of 130 °C. The characterization results of the morphology, microstructure, and surface properties of the as-prepared products demonstrated that SnO2 nanosheets with a tetragonal rutile structure, were composed of oriented SnO2 nanoparticles with a diameter of 6–12 nm. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (FETEM) results demonstrated that the dominant exposed surface of the SnO2 nanoparticles was (101), but not (110). The growth and formation was supposed to follow the oriented attachment mechanism. The SnO2 nanosheets exhibited an excellent sensing response toward ethylene glycol at a lower optimal operating voltage of 3.4 V. The response to 400 ppm ethylene glycol reaches 395 at 3.4 V. Even under the low concentration of 5, 10, and 20 ppm, the sensor exhibited a high response of 6.9, 7.8, and 12.0 to ethylene glycol, respectively. The response of the SnO2 nanosheets exhibited a linear dependence on the ethylene glycol concentration from 5 to 1000 ppm. The excellent sensing performance was attributed to the present SnO2 nanoparticles with small size close to the Debye length, the larger specific surface, the high-energy exposed facets of the (101) surface, and the synergistic effects of the SnO2 nanoparticles of the nanosheets.
Highlights
In recent years, novel nanostructures and their applications of nanomaterials have attracted a great deal of research activity because they have created unexpected functionality in terms of physicochemical properties
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SnO2 nanosheets assembled by nanoparticles with diameters of 6–12 nm have been successfully synthesized by a one-step facile hydrothermal method without substrates or surfactants at a lower temperature of 130 ◦C
Summary
Novel nanostructures and their applications of nanomaterials have attracted a great deal of research activity because they have created unexpected functionality in terms of physicochemical properties. High-energy exposed facets of SnO2 crystals can promote the reaction of gas molecules on the surface Taking those into consideration, SnO2 nanosheets assembled by nanoparticles can be expected to lead to excellent sensing performance to volatile organic compound vapors. The as-prepared products displayed good gas-sensing performance to ammonia [11] Those synthesis methods usually need substrates, surfactants, and a combustion improver, which are harmful to the health of human beings and the environment. The gas-sensing experiments of the SnO2 nanosheets towards ethylene glycol were carried out to envisage the sensing performances, including sensitivity, response and recovery times, Nanomaterials 2018, 8, 112 and selectivity, which explore the potential applications for a high-performance sensor to detect glycol in environmental gas monitoring. A possible mechanism of the excellent gas-sensing performance for the SnO2 nanosheets was discussed in detail
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