2D-ReS2 & diamond nanoparticles-based sensor for the simultaneous determination of sunset yellow and tartrazine in a multiple-pulse amperometry FIA system

Abstract

We present a flow injection system with a multiple pulse amperometric detection (FIA-MPA)-based methodology for the simultaneous analysis of sunset yellow and tartrazine. As transducer, we have developed a novel electrochemical sensor based on the synergistic effect of ReS2 nanosheets and diamond nanoparticles (DNPs). Among several transition dichalcogenides for the sensor development, we have selected ReS2 nanosheets since it yields a better response towards both colourants. Scanning probe microscopy characterization shows that the surface sensor is composed by scattered and stacked ReS2 flakes and large aggregates of DNPs. With this system, the gap between the oxidation potential values of sunset yellow and tartrazine is wide enough to allow the simultaneous determination of both dyes. Under the optimum potential pulse conditions (0.8 and 1.2 V) during 250 ms, a flow rate of 3 mL/min and a volume injection of 250 μL, detection limits of 3.51 × 10−7 M and 2.39 × 10−7 M for sunset yellow and tartrazine, respectively, were obtained. This method exhibits good accuracy and precision with Er minor than 13% and RSD lower than 8% with a sampling frequency of 66 samples per hour. Pineapple jelly samples were analyzed by the standard addition method, obtaining 53.7 mg/kg and 29.0 mg/kg of sunset yellow and tartrazine, respectively. From the analysis of fortified samples, recoveries of 94% and 105% were obtained.