Abstract
In this study, the characteristics of different types of nanosheet membranes were reviewed in order to determine which possessed the optimum propensity for antifouling during water purification. Despite the tremendous amount of attention that nanosheets have received in recent years, their use to render membranes that are resistant to fouling has seldom been investigated. This work is the first to summarize the abilities of nanosheet membranes to alleviate the effect of organic and inorganic foulants during water treatment. In contrast to other publications, single nanosheets, or in combination with other nanomaterials, were considered to be nanostructures. Herein, a broad range of materials beyond graphene-based nanomaterials is discussed. The types of nanohybrid membranes considered in the present work include conventional mixed matrix membranes, stacked membranes, and thin-film nanocomposite membranes. These membranes combine the benefits of both inorganic and organic materials, and their respective drawbacks are addressed herein. The antifouling strategies of nanohybrid membranes were divided into passive and active categories. Nanosheets were employed in order to induce fouling resistance via increased hydrophilicity and photocatalysis. The antifouling properties that are displayed by two-dimensional (2D) nanocomposite membranes also are examined.
Highlights
Safe drinking water is a basic human need, but it is only available to 71% of the worldwide population
We review the utility of 2D nanocomposite membranes with antifouling properties for water purification
The development of nanosheet membranes is summarized based on the classification of conventional Matrix Membranes (MMM), stacked, stacked Thin Film Composite (TFC), and Thin Film Nanocomposite (TFN) membranes
Summary
Safe drinking water is a basic human need, but it is only available to 71% of the worldwide population. Physical methods describe the removal of weakly adhered foulants by back-flushing, by improving module designs, and by temporarily altering the processing conditions [17,18] These approaches alleviate fouling, they require large areas for feed pre-treatment, and result in an increase in operation cost or complexity. Nanomaterials have shown promise as building blocks or fillers for membranes, due to their mechanical strength, flexible structure, chemical inertness, and separation performance [24] Such 2D nanomaterials are so-called nanosheets and they are characterized by their high surface areas and an atomic thickness that exposes all of the ions to the surface, enabling electronic coupling [25]. The present work should suggest where to direct future work
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