Abstract
We study the imprints of boxy/peanut structures on the 2D line-of-sight kinematics of simulated disk galaxies. The models under study belong to a family with varying initial gas fraction and halo triaxiality, plus few other control runs with different structural parameters; the kinematic information was extracted using the Voronoi-binning technique and parametrised up to the fourth order of a Gauss-Hermite series. Building on a previous work for the long-slit case, we investigate the 2D kinematic behaviour in the edge-on projection as a function of the boxy/peanut strength and position angle; we find that for the strongest structures the highest moments show characteristic features away from the midplane in a range of position angles. We also discuss the masking effect of a classical bulge and the ambiguity in discriminating kinematically this spherically-symmetric component from a boxy/peanut bulge seen end-on. Regarding the face-on case, we extend existing results to encompass the effect of a second buckling and find that this phenomenon spurs an additional set of even deeper minima in the fourth moment. Finally, we show how the results evolve when inclining the disk away from perfectly edge-on and face-on. The behaviour of stars born during the course of the simulations is discussed and confronted to that of the pre-existing disk. The general aim of our study is providing a handle to identify boxy/peanut structure and their properties in latest generation IFU observations of nearby disk galaxies.
Highlights
Boxy/Peanut bulges are characteristic structural features visible in a large fraction of inclined disc galaxies
On top of these photometrical studies, successful comparisons between the line-of-sight kinematics of simulated and observed B/Ps further disclosed the tie between these structures and bars (Kuijken & Merrifield 1995; Athanassoula & Bureau 1999; Bureau & Freeman 1999; Merrifield & Kuijken 1999; Chung & Bureau 2004; Kormendy & Kennicutt 2004; Bureau & Athanassoula 2005, hereafter BA05; Debattista et al 2005, hereafter D05; Mendez-Abreu et al 2008, 2014)
Even though we attempted a quantification of the evolution of the isovelocity lines as a possible mean to identify the position angle of a B/P structure, we find that this diagnostic does not significantly improve the results discussed below and will not indulge on this aspect further
Summary
Boxy/Peanut bulges (hereafter B/Ps) are characteristic structural features visible in a large fraction of inclined disc galaxies (for an iconic example, see ESO 597-36). The density profiles of bardriven, simulated B/Ps were found compatible with observed light profiles along different cuts (Lutticke, Dettmar & Pohlen 2000b; Athanassoula & Misiriotis 2002; Aronica et al 2003; Athanassoula 2005a); unsharp-masked images revealed akin morphological features (Bureau et al 2006) On top of these photometrical studies, successful comparisons between the line-of-sight kinematics of simulated and observed B/Ps further disclosed the tie between these structures and bars (Kuijken & Merrifield 1995; Athanassoula & Bureau 1999; Bureau & Freeman 1999; Merrifield & Kuijken 1999; Chung & Bureau 2004; Kormendy & Kennicutt 2004; Bureau & Athanassoula 2005, hereafter BA05; Debattista et al 2005, hereafter D05; Mendez-Abreu et al 2008, 2014)
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