Abstract
Abstract Germanium phosphide (GeP), a rising star of novel two-dimensional (2D) material composed of Group IV–V elements, has been extensively studied and applied in photonics thanks to its broadband optical absorption, strong light–matter interaction and flexible bandgap structure. Here, we show the strong nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of 2D GeP nanoflakes in the broadband range with open-aperture Z-scan technique to explore the performance of 2D GeP microfiber photonic devices (GMPDs) in near-infrared (near-IR) and mid-infrared (mid-IR) ultrafast photonics. Our results suggest that employing the GMPD as an optical device in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) system results in ultrashort pulses and rogue waves (RWs) at 1.55 μm. Likewise, by the incorporation of GMPD into a thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL) system, stable ultrashort pulse operation is also achieved at 2.0 μm. We expect these findings to be an excellent GMPD that can be applied in mode-locked fiber lasers to open up new avenues for its development and application in ultrafast photonics.
Highlights
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted great interests due to their intriguing nonlinear optical (NLO) properties and extensively applied in various optical devices, including ultrashort pulse fiber lasers [1, 2], optical switching [3, 4], optical modulation [5, 6] and photodetectors [3, 7]
Our results suggest that employing the GeP microfiber photonic devices (GMPDs) as an optical device in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) system results in ultrashort pulses and rogue waves (RWs) at 1.55 μm
2D Germanium phosphide (GeP) nanoflakes were obtained by traditional liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) method
Summary
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted great interests due to their intriguing nonlinear optical (NLO) properties and extensively applied in various optical devices, including ultrashort pulse fiber lasers [1, 2], optical switching [3, 4], optical modulation [5, 6] and photodetectors [3, 7]. The researchers have established that 2D GeP possesses the broadband nonlinear saturable absorption performances, and stronger NLO responses [8], depicting its promising potential in optical RWs generation. The 2D GeP-decorated microfiber photonic devices (GMPDs) have evidenced special structures with long-interaction length between light and 2D GeP material [41], effectively enhancing the nonlinear action for the multiple-pulse formation in ultrafast fiber lasers. The present work will be helpful to further study the NLO performances of Group IV–V compounds and enable them to be widely used in ultrafast nano-photonics
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