Abstract
Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) has been used to treat a wide array of neurological, medical, and aesthetic indications. The overall rate for the neutralizing antibody (NAb) formation across three different formulations—Abobotulinum toxin A, Incobotulinum toxin A and Onabotulinum toxin A—was 1% to 2.1%, with no significant difference among them. Several factors contribute to the formation of NAbs, such as shorter treatment intervals, higher dosage, amounts of antigenic proteins, serotypes, and storage of formulations. This chapter systematically describes the Botulinum toxin A interaction with the dendritic cell and the cascade of immunologic events leading to antibody formation. It will also elaborate on the genetic predisposition to NAb formation and its allele-specific geographic variation. Finally, with the limitation of the availability of the bioassays to the clinicians in case of suspected immunogenicity, the chapter will outline a practical algorithm for antibody detection and clinical strategy to manage such events.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callMore From: Procedures in Cosmetic Dermatology: Botulinum Toxin
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
