Abstract
This chapter presents the various applications offered by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in bioadhesion and biofilm studies. The chapter includes a presentation of the XPS technique (basic principles, spectroscopic aspects, and data interpretation) and a description of a case study concerning the adhesion of the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense to model substrata. The chapter also provides an overview of the various applications of XPS and relevant methodologies in the study of bioadhesion and biofilms, based on experience developed in the laboratory. XPS can be applied to analyze the chemical composition of substratum surfaces, microbial cell surfaces, and surface-active molecules in the liquid phase in terms of elemental, functional, and, to a certain extent, molecular composition. Correlations among XPS data, surface properties and interfacial behaviors provide a better understanding of bioadhesion and biofilm formation.
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