Abstract

Background: Breast density (BD) is known to affect breast cancer risk, but it may be associated with breast cancer survival. The underlined mechanism remains unclear. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH-1) and CD44+CD24− are the most consistently used biomarkers to identify and characterize breast cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, correlation between expression of CSCs and BD remains unclear. The interpretation of results from previous studies on mammographic BD and survival is complicated by the association between confounding factors and survival.

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