Abstract
Polyhydroxy acids (PHAs) are ingredients known for their antioxidant, humectant, and exfoliation properties, providing multimechanistic benefits for skin. It is known that PHAs have chelation properties, and we hypothesize that PHAs can chelate metal ions commonly found in the environment that contribute to skin pigmentation. Cu (II) and Fe (III) are metal ions known to cause oxidative stress in skin. Additionally, Cu (II) is a key cofactor in melanin production. A novel method was developed to directly observe the complexation of metal ions with cosmetic ingredients using HPLC-electron spray ionization (ESI) MS.
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