Abstract
Background: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a potential precursor of invasive breast cancer (IBC). However, the majority of DCIS will never progress to IBC if left untreated. As almost all DCIS are treated by surgery often supplemented by radiotherapy, overtreatment of indolent DCIS occurs. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify biomarkers to distinguish harmless from aggressive DCIS. We hypothesised that morphometric features observed in Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) sections of DCIS, such as number, geometry and density of DCIS ducts and cells could identify harmless DCIS lesions.
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