Abstract
Study Objective To determine face- and construct validity for the new ‘Bimanual Fundamental Curriculum’ for the Simendo Virtual Reality Laparoscopy Simulator and prove efficiency as a training and objective assessment tool for surgical resident's advanced psychomotor skills. Design Prospective multi-center cohort study. Power calculation was performed. The curriculum was new developed for more experienced laparoscopic trainees. It consists of five exercises, focused on bimanual precision training. Setting Two University hospitals in the Netherlands. Patients or Participants Three groups according surgical experience: medical students (novices, N=17), residents PGY 4-6 (intermediate, N=15) and laparoscopic specialists (experts, N=15) in the field of gynecology, surgery and urology. Interventions Participants (N=47) performed the five exercises three consecutive times. The first run was used as introduction and the second and third run were used for analysis. Intermediates and experts filled out a questionnaire afterwards, regarding reality of the simulator and training goals of each exercise. Statistical analysis of performance was performed between novices, intermediates, and experts. Parameters task time, collisions/displacements, and path length were compared. Additionally, a total performance score was calculated for each participant. Measurements and Main Results Face validity scores regarding realism and training goals were overall positive (median scores of 4 on a 5-point Likert scale). Participants felt the curriculum was a useful addition to the previous curricula (71.9%) and the simulator would fit in their residency programs (96.8%). Construct validity results showed significant differences on the great majority of measured parameters between groups. Experts outperformed intermediate is the three most difficult exercises. The simulator is able to differentiate between performers with different levels of laparoscopic experience (p Conclusion Face- and construct validity for the new Bimanual Fundamental curriculum for this virtual reality simulator could be established. The curriculum is suitable to use in resident's training programs to improve and maintain advanced psychomotor skills.
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