Abstract
Background: Thyroid tumors represent 1–3% of canine cancers with most tumors classified as follicular carcinomas. Medullary carcinomas arising from c-cells are less frequently diagnosed in both dogs and humans. In comparison, papillary thyroid carcinomas are the most common type of human thyroid cancer (70–80%) with follicular thyroid cancer diagnosed in 10–15% of cases. Medullary carcinomas are 2% of human cases and 20% of these are associated with inherited gene mutations in RET. Human papillary and follicular carcinomas frequently bear activating mutations in BRAF and NRAS.
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