26 Miscellaneous antibacterial drugs

Abstract

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the study results on some antibacterial drugs. A prospective study in 80 patients with cystic fibrosis and normal renal function indicates that the combination of aminoglycosides with the polymyxin antibiotic colistin may have increased the risk of nephrotoxicity; in a multiple linear regression model there was a strong correlation between the use of aminoglycosides and reduced renal function, which was potentiated by colistin. An intraocular injection of a high dose of gentamicin given by mistake led to severe retinal damage, which was at first misdiagnosed as central retinal artery occlusion; the damage was completely reversed by vitrectomy. There was a higher rate of hyperglycemia with gatifloxacin or levofloxacin compared with ceftriaxone in a retrospective chart review of 17,000 patients. Sulfonylurea therapy was identified as an independent risk factor for hypoglycemia. In eight patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ciprofloxacin co-administration with cyclophosphamide resulted in a significantly lower exposure to cyclophosphamide and in a lower ratio of the AUCs of cyclophosphamide and its active metabolite 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide. In an observational study of spontaneous adverse events reports gatifloxacin was associated with much higher rates of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia (477 reports per 107 retail prescriptions) compared with ciprofloxacin (4 reports), levofloxacin (11 reports), and moxifloxacin (36 reports).