Abstract
Tissue engineering techniques has brought great hope for bladder repair and reconstruction. The crucial requirements of tissue engineered bladder are bladder smooth muscle regeneration and vascularization. In this study, partial rabbit bladder (4 cm×5 cm) was removed and replaced with porcine bladder acellular matrix (BAM) which was equal in size. BAM was incorporated with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the experimental group while with no bioactive factors in the control group. The bladder tissue strip contractility in the experimental rabbits was better than that in the control ones post-operation. Histological evaluation revealed that smooth muscle regeneration and vascularization in the experimental group were significantly improved compared with those in the control group (p < 0.05), while multilayered urothelium was formed in both groups. Muscle strip contractility of neo-bladder in the experimental exhibited significantly better than that in the control (p < 0.05) assessed with electrical field stimulation and carbachol interference. The activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the native bladder tissue around tissue engineered neo-bladder in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control (p < 0.05). This work suggests that smooth muscle regeneration and vascularization in tissue engineered neo-bladder and recovery of bladder function could be enhanced by PDGF-BB and VEGF incorporated within BAM, which promoted the up-regulation of the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 of native bladder tissue around the tissue engineered neo-bladder.
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