25 Very High Rates of Pancreatic Fluid Collections in Patients With the Triad of Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Acute Pancreatitis and Diabetes Ketoacidosis

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The triad of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) induced acute pancreatitis (AP) coexisting with diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) has been reported. Patients with the triad are a special subgroup of AP patients that may need different management due to potential life-threatening conditions presenting all at once. Outcomes of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) in this population has not yet been studied. We sought to investigate AP mortality, morbidity and PFC outcomes in patients with the triad. METHODS: We perform a cohort study of a prospectively maintained database of patients admitted with AP at a tertiary center in the last 15 years. We strictly included patients who met AP diagnosis by Revised Atlanta Classification. Study groups were: AP-only vs. HTG-AP + DKA, AP + DKA, and HTG-AP. Primary outcome was inpatient mortality, morbidity (SIRS, ICU, AKI, ARDS), severity of AP and complication of AP. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed using STATA software version 9.4. RESULTS: Over two thousand patients were reviewed, of whom 124 patients had the triad (HTG-AP, DKA), 100 had HTG-AP only (triglyceride levels >1,000 mg/dL), 67 had AP + DKA and we included 101 with AP-only (control) for the analysis. Patients with HTG-AP + DKA had higher rates of PFCs 59% compared to AP-only 22%, HTG-AP 29% and AP + DKA 20% (P < 0.001). HTG-AP + DKA were more likely to have acute peripancreatic fluid collections (APFC) 46% compared to AP-only 17%, HTG-AP 19% and AP + DKA 13% (P < 0.001). HTG-AP were more likely to have pseudocysts 11% compared to AP-only 4%, HTG-AP + DKA 4%, and AP + DKA 2% (P = 0.06). No difference in PFC drainage was found (P = 0.97). Patients with AP+DKA were more likely to develop AKI 63% compared to AP-only 8%, HTG-AP + DKA 34% and HTG-AP 33% (P < 0.001). HTG-AP patients were more likely to have ARDS 25% compared to AP-only 2%, AP + DKA 10% and HTG-AP + DKA 17% (P < 0.001). HTG-AP were more likely to require enteral tube feeding and total parenteral nutrition (Table 1). No difference inpatient mortality was found. CONCLUSION: Patients with the triad of HTG-AP + DKA have significantly higher rates of pancreatic fluid collections. But PFCs seems to resolve in its own as there was not difference in interventions for the PFCs. Less aggressive strategy for PFCs management in this patient population can be followed.