Abstract
Seismic measurements can be more informative than any other geophysical method used for rock mass characterization and testing. This is because the geophysical parameters measured, such as the velocity of compressional and shear-wave events, and occasionally also the attenuation coefficients of these events, are all directly related to strength and elasticity and indirectly related to bulk density and porosity. Rock mass ‘fracture state’ can be evaluated by comparing the velocity values measured on site to corresponding measurements made upon rock samples in the laboratory. The grade of weathering of rock types in which weathering profiles characteristically develop, such as granite and chalk, can be related to typical ranges in value of compressional wave velocity or other seismic parameters. In recent years, it has become common practice to measure shear-wave velocities as well as compressional-wave velocities, particularly when dynamic modulus values are required for the ground at low rates of strain and consideration has to be given to the possibility of resonance.
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