246 EXPRESSION PATTERN OF NANOG AND Par3 GENES IN IN VITRO-DERIVED BOVINE EMBRYOS

Abstract

Homeobox genes have been demonstrated to be important in patterning and lineage specification during early embryogenesis. Nanog belongs to the family of DNA-binding transcription factors and has been shown to maintain pluripotency of embryonic stem cells, both in murine and human. Par3 plays an essential role in determining cell fate of the early mouse embryo, leading to the generation of the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm. No information is available on these genes in the bovine; therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify and characterize Nanog and Par3 expression in bovine embryos. Oocytes recovered from slaughterhouse ovaries were matured for 22 h, fertilized in vitro and then cultured in mSOFaa medium. RNA was extracted from pools of five oocytes and embryos at different stages of development (2-, 4-, 8-, 16-cell, morula and blastocyst). It was then reverse transcribed, and PCR runs were carried out with primers specifically designed for Nanog and Par3, based on the sequence data bank available. The amplified products were separated on a 2% TAE agarose gel, purified, sequenced and aligned using Clustal W. Comparison of the bovine Nanog cDNA sequence (EMBL AM039957) with databases revealed a 84% degree of homology with the human, 97% with the mouse, and 82% with the goat genes. IVF bovine embryos express Nanog only upon genome activation, becoming detectable from the 8-cell stage onward indicating that Nanog is zygotically expressed in the bovine similar to what happens in mouse, pig and goat. Bovine Par3 cDNA sequence (EMBL AM039956) shows a high degree of homology with human (83%), mouse (81%), and rat (79%). Also Par3 is expressed only upon the maternal to embryonic transition (MET) at the 8-cell stage. As opposed to the expression patterns of other early embryo genes, like Oct-4 and Zar-1, Nanog and Par3 expression patterns in bovine embryos closely resemble those described in the mouse. Since both are absent in the ooplasm and before MET, they represent useful markers for genome activation. This work was supported by FIRB RBNE01HPMX, FIRST 2004 and ESF-EuroStells.