2456. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia 30-Day Mortality During 2020 Compared to 2016-2019: Assessing the Impact of COVID-19

Abstract

Abstract Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia is associated with substantial mortality, but the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on MRSA mortality has not been fully explored. Methods For 2016-2020, MRSA bacteremia cases among adults aged ≥ 18 years were identified through CDC Emerging Infections Program’s active laboratory- and population-based surveillance in 5 states (16 counties). Death within 30 days of initial MRSA blood culture was determined from medical record documentation or linked state vital statistics data. Cases were classified (epi class) as hospital-onset (HO), healthcare-associated community onset (HACO), or community associated (CA) (Figure 1). Thirty-day mortality was calculated by year and epi class and, for 2020, stratified by whether a SARS-CoV-2 test was positive in the 30 days preceding MRSA culture (recent COVID-19). Using multivariate logistic regression to adjust for potential confounders, the effect of recent COVID-19 on 30-day mortality was assessed. Results MRSA bacteremia 30-day mortality was 22% (2,113/9,689) during 5 surveillance years. Mortality in 2020 was higher than in 2016-2019 overall (25% vs. 21%, p< .01), for HO cases (43% vs 32%, p< .01), and for CA cases (19% vs. 13%, p< .01). When limited to cases without recent COVID-19, mortality in 2020 was still higher than in 2016-2019 for CA (18%, p< .01) but not HO (35%, p=.39). During 2020, cases with recent COVID-19 comprised 37% of HO deaths and a smaller proportion of HACO (13%) and CA (7%) deaths. Cases with recent COVID-19 had higher 30-day mortality than those without across all epi classes (Figure 2; p≤ .01 for all), with mortality highest among HO cases with recent COVID-19 (77%). After adjusting for other factors, recent COVID-19 remained a significant risk factor for 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio: 5.3, 95% CI: 3.6-8.0; Table).Table.Multivariate Analysis of Factors Associated with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia 30-Day Mortality, 5 Emerging Infections Program Sites, 2020 Conclusion COVID-19 emerged as a significant independent risk factor for MRSA bacteremia-associated death in 2020, and the very high mortality for HO cases with recent COVID-19 resulted in a higher mortality for HO cases overall. Conversely, the contribution of COVID-19 to the increased mortality for CA cases in 2020 appeared small, and reasons for the increase in mortality for CA cases without recent COVID-19 need additional investigation. Disclosures Ghinwa Dumyati, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support