2404. Molecular Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile in the United States, 2017

Abstract

BackgroundIn 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) implemented Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) surveillance through the Emerging Infections Program (EIP) to monitor the incidence and evolving epidemiology of CDI in the United States. Since 2012, ribotypes (RTs) 027, 106, 002, 014, and 020 have constituted the top five strain types among both US community- and healthcare-associated isolates. Here we describe the changes in molecular epidemiology of C. difficile isolates collected in the United States in 2017.MethodsIn 2017, CDI surveillance was conducted at 10 EIP sites (CA, CO, CT, GA, MD, MN, NM, NY, OR, and TN). A convenience sample of clinical laboratories across EIP sites submitted C. difficile-positive stool specimens to the MN Department of Health Public Health Laboratory and Hines VA Hospital (IL) for culture. Isolates were forwarded to CDC and characterized by capillary-based PCR-ribotyping and PCR detection of tcdA, tcdB, cdtA, cdtB, and deletions in tcdC.ResultsIn 2017, 1,051 C. difficile isolates were submitted; the total number of isolates received from each site ranged from 11 to 286 with a median of 85.5. In total, 143 RTs were observed, with the majority of isolates harboring toxin genes tcdA and tcdB (95%) and a wild-type tcdC sequence (71%). Among 556 healthcare-associated isolates, RT 027 was the most prevalent and the top RT at 5 sites (CA, GA, MD, NM, TN). Ribotype 106 was the most prevalent among 495 community-associated CA isolates and the top RT at 6 sites (CO, CT, GA, MD, MN, TN). Ribotype 027 significantly decreased from 2012 to 2017 among both healthcare-associated (21% vs 15%; p = 0.02) and community-associated isolates (17% vs 6%; P < 0.0001). Among healthcare-associated isolates, RT 076, which was observed in 8 EIP sites, increased from 2% in 2016 to 5% in 2017 (p = 0.05) and replaced RT 020 as one of the top 5 healthcare-associated RTs in 2017.ConclusionDespite an overall decline since 2012, RT 027 remained the most prevalent RT among healthcare-associated isolates submitted in 2017. The increased frequency of RT 076 among healthcare-associated isolates submitted in 2017 highlights the evolving molecular epidemiology of C. difficile and the need for continued surveillance to monitor potential emerging strains.Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.