Abstract
This paper presents a 24-GHz frequency-modulated continuous wave(FMCW) radar transceiver with two Rx and one Tx channels in 65-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS) process and implemented it on a radar system using the developed transceiver chip. The transceiver chip includes a 14× frequency multiplier, low-noise amplifier, down-conversion mixer, and power amplifier(PA). The transmitter achieves >10 dBm output power from 23.8 to 24.36 GHz and the phase noise is −97.3 GHz/Hz at a 1-MHz offset. The receiver achieves 25.2 dB conversion gain and output P1dB of −31.7 dBm. The transceiver consumes 295 mW of power and occupies an area of 1.63×1.6 mm2. The radar system is fabricated on a low-loss Duroid printed circuit board(PCB) stacked on the low-cost FR4 PCBs. The chip and antenna are placed on the Duroid PCB with interconnects and bias, gain blocks and FMCW signal-generating circuitry are mounted on the FR4 PCB. The transmit antenna is a 4×4 patch array with 14.76 dBi gain and receiving antennas are two 4×2 patch antennas with a gain of 11.77 dBi. The operation of the radar is evaluated and confirmed by detecting the range and azimuthal angle of the corner reflectors.
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