Abstract

Background: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an immunomodulatory enzyme, facilitates immune escape of tumours and promotes tumour progression. Systemic therapy with the combination of IDO and PD-1 inhibitors have resulted in significantly improved clinical efficacy and response rates in patients with advanced stage metastatic melanoma. However, there is currently only very limited data on IDO expression in melanoma, and a deeper understanding of the changes that occur during the different stages of disease progression are critical for evaluating IDO expression as a predictive biomarker for directing precision immunotherapy.

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