Abstract
This chapter discusses exoelectrogenic microorganisms that have been discovered in bioelectrochemical systems, reviews the mechanisms of electron transfer, and outlines several techniques and methods than can be used to study exoelectrogens. Geobacter sulfurreducens and Shewanella oneidensis are the most studied exoelectrogens, but several other species have exhibited the ability to participate with inorganic electron acceptors in their environments. There are three electron transfer mechanisms discussed in this chapter: (1) mediated electron transfer, (2) direct electron transfer, and (3) microbial nanowires. Differences between electron transfer pathways at the anode and cathode are also addressed. The body of literature with known exoelectrogen strains includes organisms from α, β, γ, δ, ɛ-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidibacteria, and Actinobacteria, as well as some forms of algae and cyanobacteria. The tools used to study exoelectrogens include electrochemical analyses, microscopy, biological analyses, Raman spectroscopy, and operational conditions. Future directions for exploring exoelectrogens are also discussed.
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