Abstract
This chapter explores the mathematical theory of the renal function. The basic functional unit of the kidney is the nephron and its associated vasculature. In man, each kidney has about one million such units. Each nephron consists of a renal tubule, which is blind at one end and open at the other, and a tuft of capillaries, the glomerulus. Elaboration of the urine begins in the renal corpuscle, which is formed by the glomerulus thrust into the expanded blind end of the tubule. Under the effective driving force of the difference in hydrostatic and osmotic pressures between capillary and tubular fluid, a protein and cell-free filtrate of plasma enters the blind end of the tubule. currently, no comprehensive mathematical theory of renal function exists, but certain easily understandable physical and mathematical principles form the basis of any such theory. The chapter discusses these principles and explains the formulation of mathematical equations that describe the transport of water and various solutes by the kidney.
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