23 - Functionalized carbon nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors: Quick look on the future of fitness

Abstract

Functionalized carbon nanomaterials (FCNMs) have rapidly emerged over decades and still have become ubiquitous in the market due to their technological breakthrough in diverse fields such as sensors, batteries, solar cells, fuel cells, drug delivery, and wearable devices. They became significant due to their intriguing electrical, mechanical, thermal, biochemical, and physical properties. FCNMs comprise carbon nanotubes (CNT’s), graphene, fullerenes, carbon dots or fibers, mesopowders, and their derivatives. However, the magic 2D material graphene and CNT functionalized scaffolds were well-studied in every aspect of research, ranging from sensor devices to point-of-care. Here in this chapter, we would like to focus majorly on functionalized carbon materials hybrid electrodes for the efficient electrochemical detection of various target biomarkers and environmental pollutants. We cover the preparation, design strategies, sensor mechanisms, surface modifications, underlying electrochemistry, analytical and physical parameters of FCNMs used in electrochemical sensor applications, and future scope in wearable devices.