(227) Vaginismus - Current State of Knowledge

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Vaginismus is defined as a penetration disorder in which any form of vaginal penetration is often painful or impossible. It has traditionally been referred to as an involuntary contraction of the pelvic floor muscles due to actual or anticipated pain associated with vaginal penetration. Vaginismus is predominantly unknown among clinicians and women. Vaginismus causes women to feel pain, fear and anxiety with penetration attempts. It is a poorly understood and underdiagnosed condition, for which many women do not gain support. This is due to the lack of knowledge of the condition, for the shame and embarrassment felt by vaginismus sufferers which means many do not discuss the issue. Objective Vaginismus is commonly experienced medical issue, affecting about 1–7% of the female population worldwide. Female pain is often viewed not as a medical fact, but as a misimpression or misinterpretation of bodily events. Vaginismus is not the only condition that has been placed in context of neglect. Other sexual pain disorders, such as vestibulodynia, vulvodynia and dyspareunia, have also been met with doubt and disbelief. An examination of the disbelief surrounding female reportage of their own bodily events will not only be beneficial in terms of perception of vaginismus, but also for general women’s health. Methods This systematic review will provide an assessment of the current state of vaginismus. The following databases has been searched from the study inception to July 2023: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library), PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web Of Science, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, UpToDate, Polish Medical Bibliography and consultations of Polish specialists and discussion forums of patients have been used. Results Vaginismus influences the quality of life, in the most serious form it can result in unconsumated marriage, sterility and thus can lead to the separation of a couple. When adequately approached, the problem can mostly be solved. Treatment often involves multimodal approaches such as education, medication, cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy and possibly surgery. Conclusions Vaginismus is a common and significant sexual problem that causes distress and frustration for both partners. There are women for whom vaginismus is a serious problem and who are not able to cope with the situation without professional help of specialists. Deepening the specialists knowledge in this field is essential for successful treatment. Vaginismus is a well recognized clinical condition associated with non-consummation and considerable distress in women. It has received little scientific attention, and further well designed studies are needed. Disclosure No.