Abstract
Sleep impairment is common in people with inflammatory conditions such as cardiovascular disease. Cytokines have been found to modulate sleep and may help explain the sleep impairments observed in persons with cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the association between blood plasma cytokine levels and self-reported sleep quality in men ( n = 61) and women ( n = 21) beginning an outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program. Participants were 62.2 years of age (SD = 10.4) and 6.2% minority. Persons with congestive heart failure or autoimmune conditions were excluded. Patients completed the Pittsburgh Quality Sleep Index and had a venous blood draw before starting rehab. Participants reporting an inability to get to sleep had higher blood plasma concentrations of IL-10 ( M = 1.52, SD = 0.54 versus M = 1.24, SD = 0.46, F (1, 69) = 4.48, p = .038) and TNF-alpha ( M = 2.14, SD = .61 versus M = 1.78, SD = .71, F (1, 69) = 4.70, p = .034) after controlling for age, body mass index, anxiety, and depression. Additionally, IFN-gamma was positively correlated with sleep duration ( B = .466, p = .038). Cytokine concentration was unrelated to degree of heart disease. In conclusion, sleep impairment in heart disease is associated with increased inflammation. Treatments to reduce chronic inflammation may benefit sleep quality in persons with cardiovascular disease.
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