Abstract
Microalgae, or microphytes, refer to a subgroup of algae with microscopic size and high photosynthetic efficiency. In recent years, the exploitation of microalgae as a source of alternative energy has attracted worldwide attention. Properties like rapid growth rates, high biomass accumulation, and great oil productivity, in combination with CO2 capture and recycling capacities, make microalgae the most promising cell factory for biofuel production with significant potential to beat the traditional sources such as agricultural crops. This chapter aims to give a mini review of the recent advances in microalgal oil biosynthesis and downstream technology. Obstacles and future research trends are also discussed.
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