Abstract
One of the functionally graded material (FGM) fabrication methods is a centrifugal method, which is an application of the centrifugal casting technique. In the method, a centrifugal force applied to a homogeneous molten composite assists the formation of the desired gradation. The composition gradient is then achieved primarily by the difference in the centrifugal force produced by the difference in density between the molten metal and solid particles. The fabrication of the particle-dispersed FGMs made by the centrifugal method can be classified into two categories based on the liquidus temperature of the master alloy. One is a centrifugal solid-particle method, where the processing temperature is lower than the liquidus temperature of the master alloy, and the dispersed solid phase or particles in the master alloy are stable in a liquid matrix. If the liquidus temperature is lower than the processing temperature, a centrifugal force can be applied during the solidification both to the nucleated intermetallic compound and to the molten matrix. This method is named as a centrifugal in-situ method. In this article, the microstructures, composition gradients, formation mechanism in FGM fabricated by both the centrifugal solid particle and in-situ methods are presented.
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