Abstract
Electrochemical corrosion protection of the internal surfaces of reaction vessels, tanks, pipes, and conveyor equipment in the chemical, power, and petroleum industries is usually carried out in the presence of strongly corrosive media. The range stretches from drinking water through more or less contaminated river and seawater frequently used for cooling, to reactive solutions such as caustic soda, acids, and salt solutions. Galvanic anodes are used for smaller objects to be protected such as water heaters and feedwater tanks. Large objects, such as power station condensers and inlet structures, are mainly protected with impressed current on economic grounds. Galvanic anodes are, however, also installed if an account has to be taken of protection against explosion and safety regulations regarding products of electrolysis. Areas of application include tanks for ballast, loading, petrol, water, and exchange tanks of ships as well as crude oil tanks. The choice of protection method and protection criteria should always be properly tailored. Coatings are usually applied to reduce the protection current requirement as well as to improve the protection current distribution in cathodic internal protection systems because they raise the polarization parameter. If the polarization parameter lies in the same range as the protected object, the current distribution is sufficiently good.
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