2020년 발행 『중학교 역사②』 교과서의 ｢선사 문화와 고대 국가의 형성｣ 단원 서술 검토

Abstract

This thesis reviewed the textual description of Chapter I ‘Prehistoric Culture and the Formation of an Ancient Nation’ of the 『Middle School History 2』 textbook developed according to the 2015 revised curriculum and used in school fields since 2020. First, by comparing the 2009 revised curriculum with the 2015 revised curriculum, the differences were confirmed, and the system and amount of text descriptions were compared for each textbook. Then, the textbook descriptions were reviewed by dividing the textbook into three categories: in case of errors or misunderstandings, in cases where academic research results are not reflected or in the case of controversy in theories, and other improvements. As a result of the analysis, there were several problems and improvements. The important ones are as follows. In the section ''Prehistoric Culture and Gojoseon'', first, the statement that rice farming started in the Bronze Age is an error because there was a lot of evidence of rice farming in the Neolithic Age. Second, it is wrong to present the pictures of bronze bells, small bronze swords, and agricultural patterns made in the Iron Age while introducing the relics of the Bronze Age. Third, there is a textbook that describes Gojoseon as a society that values human life through the eight laws of Gojoseon. However, this interpretation is wrong because the Gojoseon society was a society in which, when the ruler died, the slaves or maids were buried together in the grave. Fourth, since about 44,000 dolmens have been investigated in the Korean Peninsula alone, it is difficult to interpret them as the tombs of the rulers. In the ''Growth of Many Countries'' unit, first, the period of the countries described in this unit is not described in any textbooks, but the period must be revealed. Buyeo, Okjeo, and Dongye were annexed to Goguryeo, and the relationship between Mahan and Baekje, Jinhan and Silla, and Byeonhan and Gaya federations should be described. Second, ‘tribe’ is a term that refers to an egalitarian society in the Neolithic Age, so it should not be used as a term to refer to a political group in the Bronze Age or Iron Age. Third, it is necessary to describe the historical significance of Buyeo. In the ''Formation and Development of the Three Kingdoms'' section, first, the textbook description needs to be revised because King Seong of Baekje did not lead the army and attacked Silla, but was led by the Crown Prince Yeochang. Second, there is controversy about the time when the capital of Goguryeo was moved to Gukneacastle. However, what is written before King Taejo appears to be true during the reign of King Yuri, so it needs to be corrected. Third, it is correct to correct the statements that ‘the rule of law was promulgated’ or ‘the six jwapyeongs and the sixteen halls were installed’ during the reign of King Goi, as they are not orthodoxy in academia. Fourth, the fact that King Geunchogo of Baekje conquered Mahan and occupied the southern coast of Jeolla-do did not match the recent academic achievements, so it is time to consider a revision. In the section ''Culture of the Three Kingdoms and External Exchanges'', first, the stone tombs (Seokchon-dong tombs) of the early Baekje period are cited as the basis that the royal family of Baekje originated from Goguryeo. However, it was made at a different time, and it is difficult to believe that it was made by a person from Goguryeo. Second, the description of the spread of the culture of the Three Kingdoms and Gaya to Japan is still described as a one-sided spread, despite repeated criticisms from academia. A narrative is needed in terms of interaction.