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Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global issue for both human and animal health. Antimicrobial drug (AMD) use in animals can contribute to the emergence of AMR. In January 2018, California (CA) implemented legislation (Senate Bill 27; SB 27) requiring veterinary prescriptions for medically important AMD use in food animals. The objective of our survey was to characterize AMD use, health management, and AMD stewardship practices of adult cows on CA dairies since the implementation of SB 27. In 2019, we mailed a questionnaire to 1282 California dairies. We received a total of 131 (10.2%) survey responses from 19 counties in CA. Our results showed that 45.6% of respondents included a veterinarian in their decision on which injectable AMD to purchase. Additionally, 48.8% of dairy producers included a veterinarian in their decision on which AMDs were used to treat sick cows. The majority (96.8%) of dairy producers were aware that all uses of medically important AMDs require a prescription. Approximately 49% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that AMD use in livestock does not cause problems in humans. The survey documents antimicrobial use and stewardship practices in CA’s dairy industry and focus areas for future research and education.
Highlights
Antimicrobial drugs (AMDs) have been used to maintain or improve the health, productivity, and welfare of animals [1]
After excluding three surveys completed by veterinarians, our results showed that the majority (91.3%) of surveyed dairies confirmed they had a veterinary client patient relationship (VCPR) and, while the remaining respondents (6.3%) indicated no to this question, they indicated that a veterinarian was included in AMD treatment decisions
The results of our study describe a detailed account of the demographic parameters, dry-off protocols, disease management, and AMD stewardship practices of many CA dairies in the second year immediately after implementation of Senate Bill (SB) 27
Summary
Antimicrobial drugs (AMDs) have been used to maintain or improve the health, productivity, and welfare of animals [1]. The use of AMDs increases the risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) [2], which is a global concern for both human and animal health. According to the 2019 U.S Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report, more than 2.8 million AMR infections occur in human hospitals in the United States each year, and more than 35,000 people die as a result [3]. To control and prevent AMR, the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published guidelines regulating therapeutic use of medically important antimicrobial drugs (MIADs) in feed and water for food-producing animals and prohibited the use of MIADs for production purposes, such as growth promotion and feed efficiency.
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