Abstract

Ventricular arrhythmias are an important cause of morbidity and mortality and come in a variety of forms, from single premature ventricular complexes to sustained ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. Rapid developments have taken place over the past decade in our understanding of these arrhythmias and in our ability to diagnose and treat them. The field of catheter ablation has progressed with the development of new methods and tools, and with the publication of large clinical trials. Therefore, global cardiac electrophysiology professional societies undertook to outline recommendations and best practices for these procedures in a document that will update and replace the 2009 EHRA/HRS Expert Consensus on Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias. An expert writing group, after reviewing and discussing the literature, including a systematic review and meta-analysis published in conjunction with this document, and drawing on their own experience, drafted and voted on recommendations and summarized current knowledge and practice in the field. Each recommendation is presented in knowledge byte format and is accompanied by supportive text and references. Further sections provide a practical synopsis of the various techniques and of the specific ventricular arrhythmia sites and substrates encountered in the electrophysiology lab. The purpose of this document is to help electrophysiologists around the world to appropriately select patients for catheter ablation, to perform procedures in a safe and efficacious manner, and to provide follow-up and adjunctive care in order to obtain the best possible outcomes for patients with ventricular arrhythmias.

Highlights

  • 1.1 Document Scope and RationaleThe field of electrophysiology has undergone rapid progress in the last decade, with advances both in our understanding of the genesis of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and in the technology used to treat them

  • This effort represents a worldwide partnership between transnational cardiac electrophysiology societies, namely, HRS, European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS), and collaboration with American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), the Japanese Heart Rhythm Society (JHRS), the Brazilian Society of Cardiac Arrhythmias (Sociedade Brasileira de Arritmias Cardíacas [SOBRAC]), and the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society (PACES)

  • Level of Evidence (LOE) A is derived from high-quality randomized controlled trials; LOE B-R is derived from moderate-quality randomized controlled trials; LOE B-NR is derived from well-designed nonrandomized studies; LOE C-LD is derived from randomized or nonrandomized studies with limitations of design or execution; and LOE C-EO indicates that a recommendation was based on expert opinion (2)

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Summary

Document Scope and Rationale

The field of electrophysiology has undergone rapid progress in the last decade, with advances both in our understanding of the genesis of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and in the technology used to treat them. In light of advances in the treatment of VAs in the interim, and the growth in the number of VA ablations performed in many countries and regions (2,3), an updated document is needed This effort represents a worldwide partnership between transnational cardiac electrophysiology societies, namely, HRS, EHRA, the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS), and collaboration with ACC, AHA, the Japanese Heart Rhythm Society (JHRS), the Brazilian Society of Cardiac Arrhythmias (Sociedade Brasileira de Arritmias Cardíacas [SOBRAC]), and the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society (PACES).

Methods
Background
Clinical Presentation
III: No B-NR Benefit
Section 4 Indications for Catheter Ablation
Idiopathic Outflow Tract Ventricular Arrhythmia
Idiopathic Nonoutflow Tract Ventricular Arrhythmias
Premature Ventricular Complexes With or Without Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Ventricular Arrhythmia in Ischemic Heart Disease
Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
Congenital Heart Disease
Inherited Arrhythmia Syndromes
Ventricular Arrhythmia in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Section 5 Procedural Planning
Section 6 Intraprocedural Patient Care
Anesthesia
Vascular Access
Epicardial Access
Intraprocedural Hemodynamic Support
Anticoagulation
Section 8 Mapping and Imaging Techniques
Recommendations for Substrate Mapping in Sinus Rhythm
Electroanatomic Mapping Systems and Robotic Navigation
Section 9 Mapping and Ablation
Key Points
Idiopathic Outflow Ventricular Arrhythmia
Verapamil-sensitive fascicular reentrant VT
Nonreentrant fascicular VT
9.10 Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
9.14 Miscellaneous Diseases and Clinical Scenarios with Ventricular Tachycardia
9.17 Endpoints of Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia
10.1.1 Postprocedural Care
10.1.2 Postprocedural Care
10.2 Incidence and Management of Complications
10.3 Hemodynamic Deterioration and Proarrhythmia
10.4 Follow-up of Patients Post Catheter Ablation of VT
Section 11 Training and Institutional Requirements and Competencies
11.2 Institutional Requirements for Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia
Section 12 Future Directions
2: Medtronic None
1: BIOTRONIK
5: Biosense 3
Findings
2: Abbott
Full Text
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