2006~2012年台北市PM2.5和PM10变化趋势与相关分析

Abstract

本研究依据台北市区内6个观测站的2006~2012年小时实测资料，研究台北市PM2.5与PM10的历年变化趋势，以及与其他空气污染物、气象条件的相关性。分析结果，各站历年浓度变化不大，PM10与PM2.5的各站年平均浓度分别为38.2~51.7 μg/m3以及22.3~29.4 μg/m3，PM2.5占PM10的比例为48.3%~61.6%。接近市中心的3个测站PM2.5浓度明显比周遭3个测站高，但周遭测站的PM2.5对PM10占比逐年增加。除了PM10外，台北市PM2.5浓度与SO2、NO2、CO的相关性较高，靠近市中心的3测站PM2.5与NO2关系明显，显示与车辆排放污染较相关。但周遭3测站的NO2浓度低，PM2.5与SO2相关性较高。各测站的PM2.5浓度与气温、降雨量、相对湿度、小时风速等气象因子都呈现低度负相关。This study analyzed the real observation data from 6 monitoring stations in Taipei city to clarify the change of PM2.5 and PM10 and their correlations to other air pollutants and climate factors. The results showed that the average concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 from 2006-2012 maintained at a stable level. The annual average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 among the 6 selected stations were 38.2 - 51.7 μg/m3 and 22.3 - 29.4 μg/m3, respectively. The ratios of PM2.5 to PM10 were 48.3% - 61.6%. The PM2.5 concentrations in the 3 stations near the city center were significantly higher than that in the 3 stations close to the city center, but the ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 was increasing annually in the stations close to the city center. PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO had high correlations to PM2.5 and especially, NO2 was significantly correlated to PM2.5 among the stations near the city center, which meant that the vehicle emission was the major source in the city center. However, the data from the stations close to the city center showed that SO2 had a higher correlation with PM2.5 than NO2, which implied that effects from nonlocal sources were influential. The climate factors, such as temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and hourly wind speed, were negatively correlated to PM2.5 in the 6 selected stations.