2004-2016年贵州省石漠化状况及动态演变特征

Abstract

石漠化是制约我国西南地区社会、经济、生态发展的重要因素之一，及时监测评估其演变状况，对区域石漠化防治及生态环境建设具有重要科学意义。选取2004-2016年间4期TM影像，研究贵州省域尺度上、石漠化时空演变特征和未来发展趋势。结果显示：1）2004-2016年间，贵州省78.3%的区域植被覆盖度上升，平均增加了19.1%，达到63.4%，有55.4%的区域岩石裸露率下降；2）贵州省石漠化空间分布呈现从东北到西南渐次加重的特征，西部毕节市中、重度石漠化面积占该区域面积仍达62.0%-86.4%，而东部黔东南州约为18.4%-33.0%；3）2004-2016年间，贵州省石漠化状况呈现总体持续好转态势，以轻、中度石漠化转入为主体的无石漠化面积增加了1.1倍，轻度石漠化增加了20.0%左右，中度和重度石漠化面积分别减少了40.0%左右；4）截止到2016年，贵州省无石漠化、轻、中、重度石漠化区域分别占比约42.0%、24.1%、23.5%、10.4%；5）未来2020年及2024年，贵州省石漠化仍将持续改善，石漠化面积占比将分别减少8.9%和12.2%。过去十多年间，贵州省石漠化状况得到基本遏制，但局部区域仍存在高度的不稳定性，或趋于恶化的风险，未来在各类政策措施的支持下，贵州省石漠化状况仍将继续好转，但部分重度石漠化区域的治理将更为复杂而艰难。;The rock desertification is one of the important factors restricting the development of social, economic and ecology in Southwest China. Timely monitoring and evaluation have great scientific significance for the prevention and control of regional rock desertification and the construction of the ecological environment. In this study, the TM image of four periods from 2004 to 2016 were selected for evaluating the dynamic evolution of rocky desertification in the region of Guizhou Province. The results showed: 1) The vegetation coverage Province went up in 78.3% of Guizhou, with an average of 19.1% to 63.4%, but bare rock rate decreased in 55.4% of this region between 2004 and 2006. 2) The spatial distribution of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province presents the characteristics of gradual aggravation from northeast to southwest. The areas of moderate and severe rocky desertification in Bijie City western Guizhou Province still accounted for 62.0%-86.4%, while in Qiandongnan eastern Guizhou Province, it was only 18.4%-33.0%. 3) From 2004 to 2016, the situation of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province showed a general trend of continuous improvement. The area nil-rocky desertification increased by 1.1 times, deriving from the transition of light and moderate rocky desertification mainly, The slight rocky desertification increased by around 20.0%, and the moderate and severe rocky desertification decreased by around 40.0% respectively. 4) By the end of 2016, the areas of nil-rock desertification, light rock desertification, medium and severe rock desertification in Guizhou Province accounted for about 42.0%, 24.1%, 23.5%, and 10.4% respectively. 5) In 2020 and 2024, the rock desertification would continue to be improved in Guizhou Province, and the areas of rock desertification would decrease by 8.9% and 12.2% respectively. In the past decade or more, the satuation of rock desertification in Guizhou Province has been basically contained, but there was still a high degree of instability or risk of deterioration in some regions. In the future, with the support of various policies and measures, the situation of rock desertification in Guizhou Province will continue to improve, but the controlling of some severe rocky desertification areas will be more complicated and difficult.