2003-2018年土地利用变化对丹江口市景观格局与生态服务价值的影响

Abstract

丹江口市是南水北调中线工程核心水源区，通过开展土地利用动态变化、景观格局变化与生态系统服务价值等研究，为丹江口库区生态安全提供科学支撑。以丹江口市2003-2018年4期遥感影像数据为基础，运用ENVI 5.3、ArcGIS 10.5以及Fragstats 4.2等软件，统计了丹江口市土地利用动态变化，分析了景观格局变化指数，计量了生态系统服务价值。结果表明：丹江口市土地利用类型变化显著，水域和林地面积、建设用地面积分别增加了38.07%、19.73%、11.63%，耕地和园地面积分别减少了42.83%、52.40%，除2003年土地利用程度高达25.02%，其余年份均保持在23%左右；景观空间格局变化明显，市域范围内各斑块类型趋于规则，呈均衡趋势分布，斑块类型间形成了良好的连接性，景观聚集程度逐渐提升，空间分布趋向集中；丹江口市生态系统服务价值不断增长，由2003年105.31×10⁸元增长至2018年116.99×10⁸元，其中水源涵养和土壤形成与保护生态价值最高，原材料生产、美学景观和食物生产占比较低。在未来城市建设中，应加大水域和林地的保护力度，优化调整土地利用结构，合理规划建设用地，发展无污染农业生产，适时增设自然景观，稳步提升区域生态系统服务价值。;Danjiangkou City is the core water source area of the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project. This paper provides scientific support for the ecological safety of Danjiangkou Reservoir Area by conducting research on dynamic changes of land use, landscape pattern and ecosystem service value. Based on the remote sensing image data of Danjiangkou City from 2003 to 2018 and software such as ENVI 5.3, ArcGIS 10.5 and Fragstats 4.2, the dynamic changes of land use in Danjiangkou City were counted, the landscape pattern change index was analyzed, and the ecosystem service value was measured. The results show that the land use types in Danjiangkou City have significantly changed. The area of water, woodland, and urbanized land respectively increased by 38.07%, 19.73%, and 11.63%, the area of cropland land and orangery land decreased by 42.83% and 52.40% respectively. Except in 2003, the land use degree was as high as 25.02%, and the remaining years remained at about 23%; The landscape spatial pattern has changed significantly. The patch types within the city area tend to be distributed in a regular and balanced trend, the patch types have formed a good connection, the degree of landscape aggregation is gradually increasing, and the spatial distribution tends to be concentrated. The value of ecosystem services in Danjiangkou City has continued to grow, from 105.31×10⁸ yuan in 2003 to 116.99×10⁸ yuan in 2018. Among them, water conservation and soil formation and protection have the highest ecological value, and raw material production, aesthetic landscape and food production account for a relatively low proportion. In the future urban construction, we should increase the protection of waters and woodlands, optimize and adjust the land use structure, rationally plan construction land, develop pollution-free agricultural production, add natural landscapes in time, and steadily increase the value of regional ecosystem services.