近20年城市遥感研究现状及其发展趋势

Abstract

随着城市化进程的不断加速，城市遥感研究已成为地理学、生态学、城市规划学等学科领域主要发展方向之一。城市化使人口与经济增长的同时，也使得城市原有的生态环境状况发生改变，从而引起了一系列城市生态环境问题。城市遥感是一门多学科交叉研究领域，近年来已经取得了一系列显著的研究成果。对近年来城市遥感研究涉及的城市地表温度、边界扩张、不透水表面、景观格局以及生态安全5个方面的理论、研究方法、应用动态以及发展方向进行了较为详细的总结与探讨。主要得出如下结论：（1）数据源从单个遥感数据研究走向多源遥感数据融合发展，多源遥感数据尤其是结合高分辨率数据越来越多的被应用到城市研究的各个领域中；（2）城市遥感的研究目标不断扩展、深化和聚焦；（3）城市遥感研究已开始从二维空间向三维空间拓展；（4）城市遥感涉及的研究对象之间相互作用，相互影响在深入解读城市遥感研究理论意义和潜在挑战的基础上，结合最新研究对本文所涉及的主题进行了补充和完善，为城市典型生态环境问题的解决提供新的思路；今后应按照城市形态与构成、城市关键要素、生态环境响应、生态环境评价以及城市扩展与环境预测的体系结构进行综合分析。;In recent decades, accelerated economic development and rapid urbanization of urban areas globally have emerged huge environmental challenges of the 21st century that require both new analytic approaches and new sources of data and information. The availability of satellite remote sensing data has increased significantly in the last two decades, and these data constitute a useful data source for mapping the composition of urban settings and analyzing changes over time. Most importantly, remote sensing can play a key role in providing information on urbanization to help science and policy making. Urban remote sensing is a significant field of remote sensing applications, which has become one of the important aspects in geography, ecology, urban planning and other disciplines. Urbanization not only changes the population and economy, but also changes the originally ecological environment of the city, which causes a series of urban ecological environment problems. Urban remote sensing has been used and applied by many fields in urban studies and is an interdisciplinary research field which has progressed and made great advancement in recent years. In the stage of the country's new type urbanization planning, ecological civilization and smart city construction, urban remote sensing faces new opportunities and challenges. Based on the researches of urban remote sensing in this paper, we reviewed the theory, methodology, and application of urban surface temperature, urban boundary expansion, urban impervious surfaces, urban landscape pattern, and urban ecological security. This paper discusses the dynamics and trends of these five aspects in the last two decades. The main conclusions are as follows:Firstly, the data sources have changed from single remote sensing data to multi-source remote sensing data. In particular, the combination of high-resolution data is increasingly used in various fields of urban research; Secondly, the research objectives of urban remote sensing continue to expand, deepen, and become more focused; Thirdly, urban remote sensing research has begun to expand from two-dimensional to three-dimensional spatial analysis; and Fourthly, the contexts involved in urban remote sensing interaction and affected each other. Based on an in-depth understanding of the theoretical significance and potential challenges of urban remote sensing research, the paper provides a comprehensive background for future studies in the area. The paper also provides some information and future research challenges in urban ecological environment problems. The future study of urban areas using remote sensing should focus more on the urban form and composition, key urban elements, ecological environment response, ecological environment assessment, and urban expansion and urban environmental prediction. This study provides the background information, trend, and challenges of the future study of urban remote sensing research. Challenges include greater demands, richer datum, more advanced methods, more comprehensive information, more elaborate expressions, and a wider range of goals.