Abstract
Typical firefighter protective clothing consists of a helmet, outer garments, gloves, trousers, and boots. The most common natural fibres used for manufacturing thermal protective clothing for firefighters include cotton, wool, silk, and flax. Wool possesses pyrolyzing temperature and limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of ∼245°C and 25.2%, respectively; cotton has pyrolyzing temperature and LOI values of 300°C and 18.4%, respectively; silk has pyrolyzing temperature and LOI values of 320°C and 23.1%, respectively; while flax has an LOI value of 19%. Since these natural fibres have low pyrolyzing temperature and LOI values, chemical modification of these fibres is required to make them suitable for manufacturing thermal protective clothing. However, even after chemical modification, these fibres exhibit an average LOI of ∼30% and are not self-extinguishing. Therefore, chemically modified natural fibre-based thermal protective clothing can only be used as by wildfire hazard or vehicle hazard firefighters, where there is a less intense thermal environment.
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