Abstract
Evolution in green chemistry has opened gateways for exploring newer biomaterials available in nature and their applications in synthesizing nanometric substances with advanced environmental compatibility and lower risk of health hazards. Biopolymers such as polysaccharides derived from various biological sources can act as ``green'' reducing and capping agents to produce vastly stable metal nanoparticles. Polysaccharides are economical, ecological, nontoxic, biodegradable, and in abundance. By utilizing polysaccharides to reduce and stabilize nanoparticles, water may act as a solvent, allowing the synthesis method to become devoid of chemical usage. This aids in overcoming the harmful effects caused by noxious organic solvents during the production of metal nanoparticles. Metal nanoparticles have been widely used for the development of chemical and biosensors with high sensitivity and selectivity. This chapter summarizes the trends in the biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles by using various polysaccharides and their properties. Further, the applications of polysaccharides derived from metal nanoparticles for the development of chemical and biosensors for clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and food science and pharmaceuticals have been summarized.
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