Abstract
‘Technology’ considers a range of technological developments that were important in the evolution of cinema: making images move, the introduction and synchronization of sound, colour film, widescreen and stereo sound, animation and special effects, and the digital revolution, which has affected the cinema at every level. But do these developments represent progress? Gains in one quarter are often losses in another. Industrial and artistic factors intervene, as do changes in audience tastes. Many of these major innovations were also costly to introduce and were pioneered and exploited by the big studios, giving them a head start over independent producers and exhibitors who could not afford the expenditure.
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