Abstract

Since the 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment, the reach of sustainable development governance has expanded considerably at all levels. The need for integration of economic development, natural resources management and protection, and social equity and inclusion was introduced for the first time by the Brundtland Commission’s 1987 report Our Common Future, and it has become central in framing the discussions at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Earth Summit. In 1993, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) established the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) as the UN’s high-level political body entrusted with monitoring and promoting the implementation of the Rio outcomes, including Agenda 21. The 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development advanced the mainstreaming of the three dimensions of sustainable development in development policies at all levels through the adoption of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (JPOI). In...

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