Abstract
This chapter discusses the role of immunohistochemical expression of p53 in gastric carcinoma. Gastric carcinoma is an important gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy that carries with it high morbidity and mortality when detected late. It is one of the most common cancers worldwide, particularly in Asia. Gastric intestinal metaplasia and gastric dysplasia are well-recognized precursor lesions of gastric carcinoma. Studies of p53 mutagenesis have mainly been by the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) assays and gene-sequencing studies. Immunohistochemical overexpression of p53 is used as a convenient surrogate marker of p53 mutations. This is based on the concept that wild-type p53 is normally present in amounts that are undetectable by the usual immunohistochemical methods. The protein p53 is commonly detected in both the intestinal and diffuse subtypes of gastric carcinomas. The cagA-positive strain of H. pylori infection suggests that this strain results in higher p53 immunoexpression in nonneoplastic gastric mucosa, as compared with infection by the cagA-negative strain. The relevant findings to date, the implications, and future directions are discussed in this chapter. The research on p53 expression indicates its importance in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma.
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