Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the estrogen-like effects of 2-phenylacetamide (PA), which is the main compound isolated from the seeds of Lepidium apetalum Willd (LA). Results showed that LA and PA could promote the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. The mouse uterine weight test showed that, LA and PA could increase the uterus index of immature female mice, and the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and estrogen (E2). LA could increase the expression of ERα and ERβ, while PA could increase the expression of ERα, ERβ and GPR30 in the uterus and MCF-7 cells. In addition, co-incubation of the estrogen receptor blocker with LA or PA abolished the inductive effect of the proliferation. PA has estrogenic activities and was the material basis of LA that played the estrogenic effect. LA and PA might be used for the treatment of perimenopause syndrome in a novel application.
Highlights
Estrogen is an important regulatory hormone in women’s bodies
We found that several Chinese herbal medicines showed estrogen-like effects, including Lepidium apetalum Willd (LA)
After entering menopause [13], there may be a series of diseases and symptoms, such as menstrual disorders, entering menopause [13], there may be a series of diseases and symptoms, such as menstrual mood swings, hot flushes and cardiovascular disease
Summary
Estrogen is an important regulatory hormone in women’s bodies. It is a class of steroids, mainly produced by the ovary and placenta. Estrogen levels rapidly decline, leading to postmenopausal osteoporosis and perimenopausal syndrome. Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is used for treatment in clinical studies [1]. The long-term use of this therapy has obvious side effects [2]. The safer and more effective phytoestrogen (PE) has received increasing attention from researchers. Estrogen receptors mediate the effects of PE which include the genomic nuclear estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) and the nongenomic estrogen receptor (GPR30) [3]
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