Abstract
In the recent developments of nanotechnology, fluorescent metal nanoclusters (MNCs) have drawn remarkable attention due to their exclusive properties, for example, molecule-like behavior, including HOMO-LUMO electrotonic transition, size-dependent fluorescence, photostability, surface reactivity, etc. Size reduction up to nanoscale from the bulk material leads to the drastic change in properties and is emerging as a potential candidate in different fields of science and technology. Based on different synthesis strategies, these nanoclusters find a wide variety of applications. MNCs have been widely used in biosensing, ion sensing, bioimaging, catalysis, optoelectronics, drug delivery, photovoltaic devices, antimicrobial activities, etc. All the synthesis techniques of MNCs are mainly classified into two groups: top-down method and bottom-up approach. In the formation of MNCs and their specific shape and size, the role of the capping agent is significant. These capping materials play an essential role in the applications of MNCs. In this chapter, various synthesis techniques of different MNCs and their importance will be discussed in detail.
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