Abstract
MAX phases are ternary carbides or nitrides with unique properties. The successful fabrication of dense MAX-phase bulk solids by hot-pressing has resulted in many promising engineering applications. This chapter introduces the methods to synthesize MAX-phase powders, solids and thin-films. The bulk solids of MAX phases can be prepared from starting materials or pre-synthesized MAX powders at slightly higher temperature and longer sintering time. Assistant pressure during sintering is often needed to densify the final products. Hot pressing, hot isostatic pressing, spark plasma sintering, pressureless sintering are common methods to densify these solids. Chemical vapour deposition can be used to produce Ti3SiC2 thin-films or coatings from volatile precursors such as TiCl4–SiCl4–CH4. Physical vapour deposition, such as magnetron sputtering, can be adopted to produce various types of MAX-phase thin-films by sputtering materials from elemental or compound targets. Finally, the reaction mechanisms or pathways during the synthesis of MAX phases are also discussed.
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