2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) changes infants gut microbiota composition and their metabolism in a host-free human colonic model

Abstract

BackgroundBreast milk is critical for neonates, providing the necessary energy, nutrients, and bioactive compounds for growth and development. Research indicated that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been shown to shape a beneficial gut microbiota, as well as their metabolism (e.g. short-chain fatty acids). 2′-Fucosyllactose (2′-FL) is one major HMO that composed of 30% of total HMOs. ObjectivesThis study aimed to understand the impact of 2′-FL on the composition and metabolism of infant gut microbiota. MethodsOur study utilized an in-vitro human colonic model (HCM) to investigate the host-free interactions between 2′-FL and infant gut microbiota. To simulate the infant gut microbiota, we inoculated the HCM system with eight representative bacterial species from infant gut microbiota. The effects of 2′-FL on the gut microbial composition and their metabolism were determined through real-time quantitative PCR and liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The obtained data were analyzed using Compound Discoverer 3.1 and MetaboAnalyst 4.0. ResultsOur study findings suggest that the intervention of 2′-FL in HCM resulted in a significant change in the abundance of representative bacterial species. PCR analysis showed a consistent increase in the abundance of Parabacteroides. distasonis in all three colon sections. Furthermore, analysis of free fatty acids revealed a significant increase in their levels in the ascending, transverse, and descending colons, except for caproic acid, which was significantly reduced to a non-detectable level. The identification of significant extracellular polar metabolites, such as glutathione and serotonin, enabled us to distinguish between the metabolomes before and after 2′-FL intervention. Moreover, correlation analysis revealed a significant association between the altered microbes and microbial metabolites. ConclusionsIn summary, our study demonstrated the impact of 2′-FL intervention on the defined composition of infant gut microbiota and their metabolic pathways in an in vitro setting. Our findings provide valuable insights for future follow-up investigations into the role of 2′-FL in regulating the growth and development of infant gut microbiota in vivo.