Abstract
Abstract. This paper attempts to quantify geometric considerations in observations and observe trends in solutions to free network solutions. The method of investigation will be utilizing 2D observations to determine how each measurement affects the overall solution and the location of the observations relative to the other nodes. A local reference system will be determined using the Gauss-Markov model with constraints by fixing the largest range observation to the y-axis to give a relative orientation. Further solutions will be calculated by fixing additional points to generate multiple least squares solutions relative to the local reference system. The resulting final points will be modeled using the Gauss-mixture model and compared to a simulated dataset generated by adding random error to the observations. Different weight matrices will be tested to demonstrate the effect on the overall solution. These methods were chosen because of prior experimentation by different research groups studying geometric considerations for UAS and ground surveying conditions. The major contribution will be the trends observed in the modeling and the correlation of the fixed local solutions to the geometry of the points.
Highlights
1.1 BackgroundCurrent surveying techniques emphasize accuracy and cost as the driving concerns for project management
The simulation was to test the overall location of the free nodes and determine the effect of the spatial distribution on the overall solution quality
A length-based matrix utilizes the range between nodes to account for geometric considerations and error increasing with distance
Summary
1.1 BackgroundCurrent surveying techniques emphasize accuracy and cost as the driving concerns for project management. A using photogrammetry UAS system costs more than a lidar scanning per square kilometer to create a DEM. Both systems are heavily studied, and the flight planning, including sensor selection, using ground control and processing methods dictate expected accuracy of the point cloud. The effect of the geometric aspects of the surveys in terms of ground and air control are not fully understood. Solutions often utilize excess ground control to avoid geometric considerations, which are vital for accurate detection of centimeter-scale landform change and to reduce the cost of operation (Harwin et al, 2015). Generating cost effective approximations for the error expected in free network solutions will potentially reduce the overall cost of the survey
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