Abstract
In a prior experiment, treatment of goats with the putative PPARγ agonist 2,4-thiazolidinedione (2,4-TZD) ameliorated the response to intramammary infection without evidence of PPARγ activation. The lack of PPARγ activation was possibly due to deficiency of vitamin A and/or a poor body condition of the animals. Therefore, the present study hypothesized that activation of PPARγ by 2,4-TZD in goats supplemented with adequate amounts of vitamin A can improve the response to sub-clinical mastitis. Lactating goats receiving a diet that met National Research Council requirements, including vitamin A, were injected with 8 mg/kg BW of 2,4-TZD (n = 6) or saline (n = 6; control (CTR)) daily. Two weeks into treatment, all goats received Streptococcus uberis (IMI) in the right mammary gland. Blood biomarkers of metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative status plus leukocytes phagocytosis were measured. Mammary epithelial cells (MEC) and macrophages were isolated from milk and liver tissue collected for gene expression analysis. Milk fat was maintained by treatment with 2,4-TZD, but decreased in CTR, after IMI. Haptoglobin was increased after IMI only in 2,4-TZD without any effect on negative acute phase proteins, indicating an improved liver function. 2,4-TZD vs. CTR had a greater amount of globulin. The expression of inflammation-related genes was increased by IMI in both macrophages and MEC. Except for decreasing expression of SCD1 in MEC, 2,4-TZD did not affect the expression of measured genes. Results confirmed the successful induction of sub-clinical mastitis but did not confirm the positive effect of 2,4-TZD on the response to IMI in well-fed goats.
Highlights
Mastitis is a multifactorial disease that affects dairy animals resulting from an inflammation of the mammary gland, mostly caused by pathogens [1]
Dry matter intake was not affected by intramammary infusion (IMI) or 2,4-TZD while rectal temperature increased within
Had an overall greater temperature compared to goats, especially during the first with 2,4-TZD had an overall greater temperature compared to CTR goats, especially during the first
Summary
Mastitis is a multifactorial disease that affects dairy animals resulting from an inflammation of the mammary gland, mostly caused by pathogens [1]. It is the most costly disease in the dairy industry with negative consequences to animal well-being and milk quantity and quality [2]. 2019, 6, 52 treated using antibiotics, but the possibility of antibiotic resistance makes this practice dangerous, and consumers are requesting that producers avoid or minimize the use of antibiotics [3]. Alternatives to antibiotics are in high demand, and approaches to mastitis prevention are a priority for the dairy industry
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