2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and 6-Benzyladenine Stimulate of Indication and Biomass Accumulation in a Phaseolus Vulgaris Callus Culture

Abstract

Obtaining callus tissue is one of the essential aims of plant tissue culture technology due to its great importance in subsequent experiments. The present study aimed to determine the interactive effects of plant growth regulators in stimulating calli cultures from the hypocotyl of Phaseolus vulgaris. The study was conducted in the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Desert Studies Center, University of Anbar. Different concentrations of 2,4-D were used, including 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mg L−1, with concentrations of BA including 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg L−1. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was used to obtain sterile seedlings. The seeds were sterilized with four concentrations of 0, 2, 4 and 6% for 5, 10 and 15 min. We use the complete random design (RCD) for coefficient distribution. The results showed the mixture of NaOCl 4.0% for 10 min recorded the highest percentage of sterile seedling production (SSP) at 90%. As for the induction of callus culture, the hypocotyl extracted from sterilized seedlings was grown in MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D and BA concentrations for 21 days. The results showed that the combination 2.0+1.5 mg L−1 caused the highest callus formation response (CFR) by 100%, the lowest complete callus formation (CCF) by 5.80 days, and the highest fresh weight (FW) by 4.318 g. At the same time, the combination of 2.0+2.0 mg L−1 reduced the start of callus formation (SCF) by 3.40 days.